Territory



f 4 sheets-sneer. 1. HARTT.

GRAVITY PUMP.

Patented Sept. `-12, 1893.

(Ne Model.)

ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. A, VHART-T.v GRAVITY PUMP.

No. 504,922. Patented Sept. 12,1893

LSWD Y .UrvoR/VEYS,

(No Model.) "4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

LW. A. HARTT. GRAVITY PUMP.

No. 504,922. Patented sept. 12, 189s..

W/NESSES.' 4

@gm-ff@ (No Model.) 4 sheetssheet 4 W'. A. HARTT. GRAVITY PUMP. v No.504,922.v lPatented Sept-12, 189,3.

l' R5. T

ATTORNEYS.

lNrrnp STATES VPATENT Fries.

WILLIAM ALLEN HARTT, OF TUCSON, ARIZONA TERRITORY.v

GRAVITY-PU MP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,922, datedSeptember 12, 1893. Application led VFebruary 1893. Serial No. 462,510-(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ALLEN HARTT,

of Tucson, in the county of Pima and Territory of Arizona, have inventeda new and Improved Gravity-Pump, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description.

The' object of the invention is to providea new and improved gravitypump which operates automatically and is more especially designed forraising water or other liquids out of mines, reservoirs, lakes, rivers,&c., and depositing the discharge at a point lower than the level fromwhich the liquid is raised.

The invention consists of two sets of cylinders, each set containing twocylinders of dit'- ferent diameters, one set being located beyond theother, connected pistons of different diameters traveling in each set ofcylinders,

. drawings forming apart of this specification,

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are cross sections of the same in different positions;and Figs. 9 and l0 are enlarged transverse sectionsof an air valve forone `of the outer cylinders. Fig. ll is an elevation, partly in section,showing the arrangement and connections of the several parts 0f myimproved gravity pump.

The improved machine is operated by two columns of liquid ofdierentweights, and is jp than asi-.phon or other contrivance, dependcapable ofbeing operatedata greater depth ing on atmospheric pressure.

Fig. a is an' The pump, as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, is applied to amine and consists principally of the three parts A, A', and A2, of whichthe u part A is located in the bottom of the mine shaft B, asillustrated in Fig. 1, the top part A is located at the upper end B ofthe mine shaft, as illustrated in Fig. 2, and the part A2 is located onthe outside of the mine at the point B2, which is below the bottom ofthe mine shaft B. The partA (see Fig. l) is provided with a suction pipeO, extending into the liquid accumulating in the bottom of the mineshaft B, and in this suction pipe C are arranged two suction valves Cand O2, of which the latter opens into the lower end of avertically-disposed cylinder D connected near its lower end with anupwardly-extending pipe E passing through the mine shaft B and openingat its upper end into a tank F Vlocated on the upper end B of the mineshaft as shown in Fig. 2.

In the lower end of the pipe E is a check valve F. for. disconnectingthe pipe E and the cylinder D. In the latter is mounted to travel apiston D"provided with a piston rod forming the piston G for a cylinderG, arranged above the cylinder D, but in alignment with the same, asplainly illustrated in Fig. l. The piston G passes through suitablestuffing boxes in the adjacent ends of the cylinders D and Gso asv toprevent leakage. From the upper end of the "piston G extends a small rodGzfpa'ssing ,through a suitable stuffing box in the upper end of thecylinder G, the outer end offthis rod being connected with one end offarope G3 passing over a pulley Gtand supporting at its other end a weightG5.

From the upperend of the cylinder G leads asmall pipe H which extendsupward through the mine shaft B and passes into and through the tank Fto then extend downward, as at H', on the outside of the mine to thepoint B2 located below the lower point of the mine shaft B, aspreviously mentioned.

From the bottom of the tank F leads a pipe I which extends alongside thepipe H'on the outside of the mine to the point B2, as will be readilyunderstood by reference to Figs. 2 and 3. In the lower end of this pipeI which is about of the same size as the pipeE and consequently largerthan the pipes H, H', is arranged a regulating valve I for controllingICO 4theroutfloweof the liquidrfrom thelower end of thesadfpipe I.-ThevalvelLi-dischargesi into an elbow J containing a valve J andconnecting with a cylinder Kdisposed hor-i 5 zontally and provided witha piston K havingfaupiston rodfwhichrfforms theUpiston-Lf. for acylinder L arranged in line with the cylinder K, but considerablysmaller in diameter than the latter, as will be"read-ilyandere stood byreference to Fig. 3. The outer end of this cylinder L is connected withthe lower evid'of .thepipe H.

In order to control a.uto.matically,.the movee. ment of the valve Jarranged in the elbow J, y, ,15 and shown in, detail in Figs', 6, 7 and8, I provide a shiftingmechanism v0 'presently to "be ydescribedandactuated from/jthe'piston vKz-, For. this purpose, then pistonAKfis'povided; Vv:with`- afrod :'O Y'extendingthroughsuitable.12of`stufngboxes' inthe. endtof th'efcylinder K J'andfhavingtitsbearing Nnearfjts outer end in c. nlV-ars`11itable"bracket O2. v

"On the rod'O. is secured afc'an'rP-form-ed" w'ithfour steps IP', P2,P3, and P4l adapted to` vloe-'engaged'b'yafffriction' rolle'r-'-Q'lheldxona" 'lQe'verQ'pivoted' at `Q2 Ona suitable "bracket," v"thesaidlever. beingformed .witli ra down'l f ivardly-extendin g arm QSpivotal'lyconnected by a link J2 with an-arm Jsecured'to thel i- Rpivotally-'c'on'nectedbyvan armwR with ,theh cam'Pat R2. so'that whenthe' cam is moved 235l forward' or backward,I -the'weight Ris shifted von the lever Q for the lpurpose'hereinafter ..zgfully described; ThevalveJisformed with aipoirt'f-J1 adaptedftoconnect'with the portsroller` Q. follows they raisedpart Pas the said frolleris-heldagainstthelatter bytheweight v fr' ,15g-.forward endof the lever Qswings upward in-1 *thedirect-ionof the arrow b,"so that .the arm y-.Q'vpushes 'the linkJ2. tothe leftwherebythe isterwith the. po'rts'J5 and Jilin the elbow J.f

' n' 6o..7l`hus communication isestablished between the, pipe I and thecylinder K,so.that the piston K therein is forced forward'in thedirectin'of the arrow a slowly.V atprst, then gradt Vually;increasing inspeed until the. rollerl Q( .65 has reached fa' 4point near. the-centerof the Scam P. '.AtV this point the valve J is openedy toits fullestextent, asindicatediin Fig. 6.

1 'y oste'mof kthe valvefJ; as'. plainiy illustrated in-f Fig. 3. n 'the'lever Qvis mounted tofsliderafvwei'ghit l Ja'ndJ.6 to establish.communication-between `j .Y 5o ngin the sameAdirection,thenthet'frictionV t# Ri-pressing on the outerv end of thelever Q. f .1 As thef'cam P travels inthis direction, the

valve J isfturned .to moveitsport'Ji in regiy When :the roller-Q11` hasyreached the center of the cam Pthe WeightR has. also reached the centeror fulcrum point of the lever Q and when the Weight has passed thispoint then the roller Q is caused to bear down onto the cam part P2, asthefweightiR 4isthen on that side of the lever Q -between its fulcrumand the roller Q. The friction roller Q traveling on -`:tfheicam part P2causes a swinging of the lever Q in the inverse direction of the arrowb', so that the valve J is gradually rotated back :ias the:frictiontrollerrQ '.nears :the right hand end-of-thetcam part P2. Now,when the friction roller has reached this point the valve J is back toits original position, as illustrated in Figf, and'lisadmittingonlyas'mallstream 'offwaterrfrom 'thef-pipe Izf'to `the 'cylinder K.

rPhe 'pistnfKisthen moving very slowly near -.-the-inner endIofitsstroke.M Thervveight R has nowiabont-reachfed the forward endiofthe lever Q=rne`ar the-frictionrollferQ E'sol that the'.latter-sudden-lydrops thefrightahand end suddenlyt-hrownover fromztheposition shown l'in Figi tothatf shownin'Fig: 8;--w-hereby the JVp'ortJ4;i's entirely-disconnectedfrom the ports 'J5 ar'idzJi andth-e'outlet"port opens a very :smal-l' 'discharge`v bylregisteringslight] y with theport J5: vAsf'soon as thewater-begins toischargefrom the cylinder through this out-letp'rtJ7,the-piston/Kreturns onits back '.strbkebyf-virteof thefwei-ghtofthewater in :pipe H.' The: friction roller-Qfnowl follows the cam partsP3 andtP. until ithe valve again "assumes the*position-shownin Figi. 8,it being understood that the valveopens -fully to theexhaustfas shown inFigfjwhile the frictionirollierfQftravelslalon-g the camfpart P3 andagain commences to-close'durin-gthe time the friction rollerQrtrav'elsralong the cam 'fpartP .Whelrthe frictionjrollerliinally slips"off the left hand endrof 'thecam part'Pi, then 'it'movesin contact-WithAtheunder side of the fcjamf' part Pf; whereby the valvefJfis moved=back to its original position shownin Fig. 3, thusestablishing avery-slight communication Vbetween the lpipe Pand the Ycylinder K,to'rsta'rt the Vpiston'K therein onsits return stroke: 'i,Thiscontrivance does awayrwith the shock caused by-reversing theEhea'vycolu mn of'water toosuddenly andl at the Asame time leaves zno=dead` center-to be overcome by balance wheels or other means.

The. speedrof the gravity pum-p depends on the discharge lof thewatenpwGonsequently theival'vexlf can besetto admit more or less`watermo vtheval'veY J; thereby `increasing or :diminishing thespeed-'of thepump.

'On the forward end'of thecylinder K is ar- .ranged'af small `airvalveStwhichfserves to prevent .axvacu um in the'cylinderzK and alsopermits `the escapeofl any water that'may leak past the pist-on Itwill'be seenthat when v the-pistonjK 'moves linthe Ainverse direction of.the arro`w a;; a vacuum willrbe'for'med be- 'hindit' and theresistancelof this vacuum per square inch will-dependen the point of theIOC Y possible.

stroke at which the valve S closes, andthe total resistance will be thedifference in the area of the pistons K' and L' multiplied by theresistance per square inch. Now, in order to prevent this vacuum, Iautomatically open the valve S at the proper time, and for this purposeI form the stem S' of the valve with a ring S2 (see Figs. 9 and l0),through which passes a rod T mounted to-slide longitudinally andattached at its outer end to a bracket projecting from the cam P. 0nthis rod T is fitted a sleeve T' adapted to` be secured. in place on therod by a set screwT2 or other means. The forward end T3 of the sleeve T'is cone-shaped so as to enter the ring S2 and thereby raise the latter,the stem S' and the valve S, at the time the piston K' moves forward inthe direction of the arrow a' and nears the end of its forward stroke.It will be seen that. when the sleeve T' enters the ring S2, the valve Sis raised and held oif its seat until the sleeve is withdrawn atthe timethe piston K' is on its return stroke. It will further be seen that thevalve S can be lifted at any time in case water accumulates in frontofthe piston K', so that this water is forced out through the openvalve. l

On the pipe I-I in the tank F is arranged a filling valve H2 foradmitting water lost by leakage, into the pipes H and H'. This valve H2is shown in detail in Fig. 4. and isprovided with a hollow metallicballH3 preferably made of aluminum so as to'be sufficiently light tofloat on the water. This ball H3 is confined wit-hin a metallic casingH4 provided on its top with an elastic valve seat H5 held in place bythe apertured cap H6 of the casing H2. The inlet opening H7 in the capH6 and seat H5 is preferably cone-shaped with the apex end inward, theinward end being adapted to be closed by the ball H5. In the bottom ofthe casing H2 are outlet openings H8 which discharge into the pipes H,H'. The space around the upper part of the ball H2 is made very narrow,the object being to float the ball, or seat the same with as littlewater as Now, it will be seen that if a very small quantity of watershould escape from the pipes H and H', the ball H3 will fall as soon asthe pressure `is removed which occurs at the end of every discharge orright hand stroke if any water be lacking in H and II', so as to allow asufficient quantity of water to' enter the pipes H, H', to refill thesame, whereby the ballv H3 will again' rise `upward and close theopening H7.

The operation is vas follows: When the several parts of the machine arein the position shown in the drawings and the pipes and cylinders arefilled with water, as shown, then the valve J' is just opening torpermit water to flow from the lower end of the pipe I to the cylinder K,the piston K' of which is then at the outer end of the cylinder. Now,suppose for illustration, that the mine shaft B has a depth of twohundred feet from which it is desired to raise the water and deposit itat the point `B2 located three hundred feet down theihill from the topB'. The figures given are supposed to represent the perpendicular depthbelow the tank F to the water level in the shaft B on the one hand, andfron'rthe tank F to the discharge port J 7 in the valve J on the other.N ow, we will further suppose that the approximate available area ofeach of the pistons L and G', is fifty inches oreight inches indiameter. The area of the piston K' is three hundred and fourteen inchesor about twenty inches in diameter, `and that of the piston D' is, saythree hundred and thirty inches, or twenty and one-half inches indiameter. The object of the difference between the pistons D' and K' isto give a surplus of water in the tank F for a purpose hereinafterstated. The dead weight G5, shown in Fig. land previously described, issupposed to weigh Vslightly more than the combined weight of the pistonsD' and G', and the weight exerted by the water in the suction pipe andalso the weight exerted by the water in the pipe H from the tank F tothe piston G. The object of the dead weight G5 is to raise the pistonsD' and G' with their load whenever the pressure is released from thepipe II', and to displace the water in the cylinder G through the pipe Hwhen the vacuum caused in the cylinder D below the vpiston D will causethe water to enter the suction pipe C at the lower end or foot valve G',and thence into the cylinder D, where it is retained by the valve O2. Y

It will be obvious that the motive power and resistances are as follows:The motive power is composed rst of the pressure exerted on the pistonK' bythe water in pipe I and secondly of the pressure exerted on' theIOO piston G' by the water in pipe H. The components of the resistanceacting against the said motive power are, first, theY pressure exertedon the piston D' by the water` `in pipe E, secondly the weight G5, andthirdly, the pressure exerted on thepiston L' by the water in pipe H'. lwill now proceed to ascertain the numerical values of these components.There is in the pipe I, a column of water three hundred feet high, whichwhen the valve J' is open, exerts a pressure on the piston K', asfollows: three hundred and fourteen square inches multiplied by .434:(which is the weight of one square inch of water one foot high) equalsone hundred and thirty-six pounds multiplied by three hundred feetequalsforty ythousand eight hundred pounds, `total pressure on thepiston K'. This pressure is transferred to the piston L' as the latteris rigidly connected with the piston K'. The length of the pipe H beingsay one hundred and. seventy feet, the pressureon the piston G' exertedby the water in the said pipe `will amount to one hundred and seventyfeet multiplied by .4:34 equals 73.78 pounds per square inch multipliedby fty square inches equals three thousand six hundred and eighty-ninepounds. The total motive powertherefore IZO amounts to forty thousandeight hundred plus three thousand six hundred and eightynine equalsforty-four thousand four hundred and eighty-nine pounds.

The components of the resistance are as follows: In the pipe E we have acolumn of water two hundred feet high, less the length of the suctionpipe C, say fifteen feet equals one hundred and eighty-live feet. Thisforms a resistance against the piston D', as follows: Three hundred andthirty square inches multiplied by .434 equals one hundred andfortythree pounds multiplied by one hundred and eighty-tive feet equalstwenty-six thousand four hundred and titty-five pounds equals the weightto be lifted in the pipe E. In addition to this there is to be raisedthe dead weight G5 which weighs as much as the pistons G and D plus theweight of the water in the suction pipe, and the column of water in thepipe H plus a certain amount to aid in overcoming friction. The weightof the suction column exerted on the piston D is three hundred andthirty multiplied by .434 equals one hundredV and forty-three multipliedby tifteen feet equals two thousand one hundred and forty-five poundsplus the weight of the water in H which is three thousand six hundredand eighty-nine pounds, plus say one thousand four hundred pounds, asweight of pistons and surplus to move the pistons equals to seventhousand two hundred and thirty-fourponnds, which is the amount of thedead weight G5 and added to the previous twenty-six thousand fourhundred and fifty-five pounds, makes thirty-three thousand six hundredand eighty-nine pounds. In addition there is the pressure of the columnof water in the pipe H exerted against the-piston L, and amounts tofifty multiplied by .434 equals 21.7 multiplied by three hunred equalssix thousand tive hundred and ten pounds, which added to thethirty-three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine pounds equals fortythousand one hundred and ninety-nine pounds. This is the totalresistance against the forces tending to move the pistons K and G. Now,when the valve l is opened as illustrated in Fig. 3 and water isadmitted` all friction and forces the pistons K and L" ahead, which inturn force the pistons G and D downward, the same distance, so as tocausel a displacement of the water in the cylinder D'through the checkvalve E in the lower end of the pipe E.

When the water is cut off by the valve J" as previously explained and adischarge commences through the port J7, then the pistons L and K moveon the retu-rnstroke in the inverse direction of the arrow a by thesurplus weight of the columrr of water in the pipe H. This amountis asfollows:` Allowing that the valve S is set so asto form a vacuum at theend of the stroke of thev piston K of twelve pounds per square inch,the' weight of the column of water in the pipe'y H is; calculated to besix thousand tive hundred and ten pounds exerted on the piston L and thevacuum holding back the pistonl K will amount to three hundred andfourteen" square inches less titty square inches-equal to thetwo hundredand sixty-four square inches multiplied by twelve poundsequals threethousand one hundred and sixty-eight pounds; This amount will leave asurplus of six thousand five hundred and ten minus three thousand onehundred and sixtyeight equals three thousand three hundred and forty-twopounds to cause a discharge through the port J 7 and at the same timethis vacuum also gives three thousand one hundred and sixty-eight poundstoward starting the column of water on the return stroke over and abovethe gurespreviously stated. But this force is notcont-inuous and fallsolf to nothing'as soonv as the column acquires momentum. Thefdead weightG5 draws the pistons G and=D upward-at the time the pressure is relievedfrom thepipe H, thereby raising the water in the pipe'thedistance equalto the contents of thecylinderG and also drawing another cylinder fullof water through the suction pipe C into the lower end of the cylinderD. The operationisithen repeated as before described. If, through anycause, a small quantity of water should escape from the pipes H and H byleakage through the pistons, then inasmuch as the pistons K and L mustmake'a full stroke of a given length and the up piston stroke of thepistons D and G always terminate at the same point, this would cause avacu-um at the valve H2 in the tank F. As soon' as this takes place theball H3 falls and the water rushes from the tank F in and through thecasing E12-and ports Hinto the pipes H and H to refill the same at eachdischarge stroke. From this it will be understood why -th'e cylinder Dis made of sixteen square inches greater capacity than the cylinder K.On a ten foot stroke it will pump nineteenV hundred and twenty cubicinches or about eight and one-half gallons more than' cyl'inder'K woulduse at every stroke and' still leave the surplus working power abovementioned. In cases where long lengths of pipes are used more surplusweight can be given tothe dead weight G5 by deducting it from thesurplusIOO IIO

of four thousandy two hundred and ninety V 1. A gravity pump comprisingtwo set-sv of cylinders, each set containing two cylinders of differentdiameters and one set being located below the other, connected pistonsof different diameters traveling in each set of cylinders, pipes ofvarying diametersI and `each set containing two cylinders of ditterentdiameters, connected pistons of different diameters traveling in eachset ot cylinders, pipes of varying diametersand length connecting saidtwo sets of cylinders with each other a valve automatically controllingthe inlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from thelower end of the largest outermost pipe, and a tank located above thesaid sets of cylinders, and connected with the said sets of pipes,substantially as shown and described.

3. A gravity pump comprising two sets ot' cylinders located one belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of different diameters,connected pistons of different diameter traveling in each set ot'cylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting the said twosets of cylinders with each other a valve automatically controlling theinlet to and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lowerend of the largest outermost pipe, a tank located above the said sets ofcylinders, and connected with the two larger pipes, and an inlet valvearranged in the said tank at the junction of the twosmaller pipes,substantially as shown and described.

4. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of dierent diameter,connected pistons of different diameter traveling in each set ofcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two setsof cylinders with each other a Valve automatically controlling the inletto and outlet from the largest lowermost cylinder from the lower end ofthe largest outermost pipe, atank located above the said sets ofcylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, and a suction pipeconnected with the largest cylinders of the uppermost set of cylinders,substantially as shown and described.

5. A gravity pump comprising two sets ot' cylinders, each set containingtwo cylinders of different diameter and one set being located below theother, connected pistons of difterent diameter traveling in each set otcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting the said twosets ot cylinders with each other, and an outlet valve operatedautomatically and located between one of the cylinders of the lowermostset of cylinders and the lowermost end of the largest pipe,substantially as shown and described.

6. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of different diameter,connected pistons ot different di ameter traveling in each set ofcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two setsof cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets ofcylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a` suction pipeconnected withthe largest of the cylinders ot' the uppermostset ofcylinders, and a check valve arranged in the lower end of the saidsuction pipe, substantially as shown and described.

7. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders ot' different diameter,connected pistons of diierent diameter traveling in each set otcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two setsof cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets ofcylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, and a valveautomatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largestlowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe,substantially as shown and described.

8. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of dierentdiameter,connected pistons of ditterent diameter traveling in each set ofcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two setsof cylinders with each other, a tank located above the said sets ofcylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a valveautomatically controlling the IOO inlet to and outlet from the largestlower-V most cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe,and an automat-ic device controlled frorn the piston in the largestoutermost cylinder' andadapted to actuate the said valve, substantiallyas shown and described.

9. A gravity pump comprising two sets of cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of Adifter- `entdiameter, connected pistons of dierent diameter traveling in each set ofcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length. connecting said twosets of cylinders with each IIO other, a tank located above the saidsets of t cylinders and connected with the said sets of pipes, a valveautomatically controlling the inlet to and outlet from the largestlowermost cylinder from the lower end of the largest outermost pipe, andan air valve arranged in the largest outermost cylinder and adapted tobe actuated from the piston therein, substantially as shown anddescribed.

l0. A gravity-'pump comprising two sets ot cylinders, one located belowthe other and each set containing two cylinders of diderent diameter,connected pistons of difieren-t diameter travelingein eachset otcylinders, pipes of varying diameter and length connecting said two setsof cylinders with each other, atank located above the said sets ofcylinders and` connected with the: saidv sets-of pipes, a valveautomatically controlling the inlet to and outlet fromi thev largestlower'- most cylinder from the lower endV of the largest outermost pipe,an air valve arranged;4 in thel largest outermost cylinder and adaptedto be actuatedl from the pis-ton therein, and means, substantiallyasv-described., for

actuating the said valve from the piston oli the said largest outermostcylinder, substantially as. shown and described.

11. A gravitypulnp comprising-two setsof S. E. BROWN..

